World coffee atlas

The country where arabica coffee is a native plant, Africa's largest producer, and a country that drinks close to two fifths of its own crop. This entry covers what the genetic evidence says about arabica's origin, the four ways coffee is grown, what the regional names and the word heirloom do and do not mean, how washed and natural coffee are graded and sold, and what is forecast for the wild plant, with dated figures and their sources.

One of Africa's largest coffee producers and predominantly a robusta origin, in a country a 2025 breeding review counts among the places robusta comes from. Smallholders grow most of the crop, with arabica in the mountains of the east and west. This entry covers where each species grows, how the coffee is processed and sold, and the folding of the coffee authority into a ministry.

An East African producer of both arabica, grown in the far north and far south, and robusta, grown beside Lake Victoria, on smallholdings that average well under a hectare.

An East African arabica origin that sells most of its coffee through an auction founded in 1935 and grows varieties bred in the country against a disease first reported there. This entry covers who sells the coffee and how, the selections of the 1930s and the resistant varieties that followed, coffee land lost to housing, and a new coffee law passed in 2026, with dated figures and their sources.

An East African producer of mainly arabica, grown by smallholders on small hillside plots. This entry covers where it grows, the conditions a published study describes, and the potato taste defect.

One of the earliest documented sites of coffee cultivation and trade, from which coffee reached the rest of the world through the port of Mocha. This entry draws on a trade history of 1922 and two genomic studies: it describes terraced mountain gardens and sun-dried coffee as they were recorded a century ago, and no present-day source on Yemen's coffee was read for it.

The world's largest coffee producer and its second-largest coffee drinker: a country that grows more than a third of the world's crop, both arabica and robusta, and keeps about a third of it at home. This entry explains why Brazil's harvest swings from year to year, how its coffee is picked, processed and graded, what its regional names legally mean, and why 'Brazilian coffee' describes a range rather than a flavour.

The world's third-largest coffee producer on the USDA's 2025/26 estimate, growing arabica only, on small mountain farms. This entry covers the growers' federation that runs the sector under contract with the state, the fifty-year breeding programme that has put rust-resistant varieties on most of the land, the two harvests, why a wet year is a bad year, and how a major exporter came to import coffee, with dated figures and their sources.

An arabica-only origin on the eastern slopes of the Andes, grown almost entirely by smallholders and exported almost entirely. This entry covers the four regions that grow three quarters of the crop, why Peru sells so much certified organic coffee, the cooperatives that stand in for banks, a rust outbreak that has not ended, and coffee's place beside coca, with dated figures and their sources.

A small producer of both arabica and robusta whose factories export more instant coffee than its farms grow coffee. This entry covers why the published figures for its crop disagree so widely, how an industry built on its own robusta came to run on imported beans, where each species grows, what the protected name Café de Galápagos legally requires, and forty years of decline that two government programmes did not reverse, with dated figures and their sources.

A Library of Congress study calls Venezuela the world's third largest coffee exporter after the 1830s. By the 2010s it imported more coffee than it grew, and in 2020 it could no longer pay for the imports. This entry covers the coffee century that oil ended, the years in which the state was the only lawful buyer and importer, what the flat figure in today's world tables does and does not mean, and the port names the trade once knew its coffee by, with dated figures and their sources.

Central America's largest coffee producer by volume: an arabica origin of some ninety thousand registered growers, most of them small, organised into six named regions.

A coffee country that grows arabica in its southern mountains, plants robusta for its instant-coffee factories, imports green coffee and exports soluble. This entry covers the three states that grow most of the crop, what followed the leaf rust, the state institute that bought the harvest until 1993, where coffee land has gone since, and how Mexicans drink coffee, with dated figures and their sources.

A Central American origin, almost all arabica, whose national coffee association issues the export licences, classes the crop by hardness of bean and has marketed eight regional names since the 1990s. This entry covers who grows the coffee, what the regional names are, the varieties planted since leaf rust, a country that exports green coffee and drinks imported instant, and a trade that Germany once dominated, with dated figures and their sources.

A Central American arabica origin whose arabica farms are mostly in three northern departments and whose coffee leaves the country almost entirely as green beans. This entry covers who grows it, a decade of slow replanting after leaf rust, a robusta experiment that stalled, a harvest that has run short of pickers, and the levy charged on every exported bag, with dated figures and their sources.

A Central American producer that grows only arabica on the USDA's figures, with more than three hundred mills, many of them micro-mills serving a few neighbouring farms.

A small Central American arabica origin that selected several varieties now grown well beyond its borders, and whose crop fell by more than half in a single season during the leaf-rust epidemic of the 2010s and has stayed near that level. This entry covers the six mountain ranges its coffee authority names, who holds the land, how communal land was abolished to make way for coffee, the killings of 1932, the state's takeover of the export trade in 1980, and the debt, old trees and labour shortage of the present, with dated figures and their sources.

A small producer of both arabica and robusta whose highland farms in Chiriquí made one variety, Geisha, famous, and whose own coffee industry still imports robusta to meet demand at home. This entry covers how much Panama grows on two official counts that disagree, where each species is grown, who picks the crop, how Geisha reached the country and what the competition that made its name does and does not show, with dated figures and their sources.

A Caribbean arabica origin that, on a 2018 estimate, drank about twice the coffee it grew. This entry covers why the crop fell from the early 1980s, what leaf rust did after 2009 and what was planted in its place, who picks the harvest, how one roaster shapes the price a farmer is paid, the green coffee the country imports, and what the protected name Café de Valdesia legally requires, with dated figures and their sources.

A small arabica producer whose best-known coffee name is defined in regulations and controlled by a state regulator, and whose plantation history was built on slavery. This entry covers what the regulations actually define as Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee, the second class sold as High Mountain, how the crop is counted and why its figures disagree, the long dependence on one buyer, Japan, and the rise and collapse of the plantation industry between the 1790s and the 1840s, with dated figures and their sources.

A producer of both species, more than 70 per cent robusta, grown mainly in the southern states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. India also imports green coffee to make soluble coffee for re-export, and drinks most of its own coffee as soluble.

A very small arabica origin in the mid-hills of Nepal whose own coffee board publishes its figures year by year, and which imports several times more coffee than it exports. This entry covers the mid-hill districts where coffee is grown, the board's table and how to read its calendar, the stem-boring beetle that growers are discouraged from spraying against, three prices set for three states of the same fruit, and a climate model that leaves little of today's coffee land suitable by 2050, with dated figures and their sources.

The island that, as Ceylon, was one of the world's largest coffee exporters until leaf rust destroyed its plantations in the 1870s and 1880s and tea took their place. This entry covers how the plantations were built and who was recruited to work them, how fast they fell, what two of the sources read name beside the fungus, and the little that documents say about the small coffee crop Sri Lanka grows today, with dated figures and their sources.

The world's second-largest coffee producer and by far its largest source of robusta, built almost entirely since 1986. This entry covers how that happened and at what cost, where the coffee grows, why it depends on irrigation, what is planted, how it is picked and dried, and how much of it Vietnam now drinks itself, with dated figures and their sources.

One of the five largest coffee producers, growing mostly robusta on smallholdings in southern Sumatra and arabica in the island's north. This entry covers where the coffee grows island by island, how a rust epidemic and a breeding programme made it a robusta country, what wet hulling is and what one trial found about its effect on the cup, and how coffee was grown under compulsion in the colonial period, with dated figures and their sources.

A country that grows two coffees in two places, robusta in the peninsular south and arabica in the northern highlands, and now drinks more than it grows. This entry covers the disagreement between official production figures, the turn from exporting robusta to importing coffee, the arabica planted where opium poppy was grown and whose account of that survives, and the two northern names entered in the European Union's register of protected geographical indications, with each figure dated and attributed.

A country whose official statistics count four kinds of coffee separately: Robusta, Arabica, Excelsa and Liberica. This entry covers what those four rows contain and how they relate to the species, what the name barako is officially attached to, a crop that is a small fraction of what the country drinks, and an export trade that ended in the 1890s, with dated figures and their sources.

A small arabica origin on the eastern half of the island of Timor, and the island on which the Timor Hybrid was found: the natural cross of arabica with robusta from which most rust-resistant arabica varieties descend. This entry covers that plant and what the record says of its discovery, the coffee the country exports, who grows it and on what yields, and a history of planting under compulsion, with dated figures and their sources.

China grows arabica in one province, Yunnan, on the northern edge of where coffee can be grown at all, and drinks several times more coffee than it produces. This entry covers how a crop that barely existed in 1990 was built around an instant-coffee factory, who farms it and on what terms, why one cultivar fills nine fields in ten, what frost and drought have cost, and why the official figures do not agree, with dated numbers and their sources.

A highland arabica origin where village households, not estates, grow about 85 per cent of the crop, sell it as parchment they have fermented in a bag, and in some valleys carry it out on foot. This entry covers how the plantations gave way to them, what the grades pay, the harvest months the documents give, and the borer that arrived in 2017, with dated figures and their sources.

Cameroon grows robusta in its forest lowlands and arabica on its western highlands, and markets less than a tenth of the coffee it did at its peak in the 1980s. This entry covers that fall and the withdrawal of the state behind it, the colonial rules under which the crop was planted, what growers were paid, coffee berry disease and the Java variety selected against it, with dated figures and their sources.

A small West African coffee producer whose plantings were abandoned in an eleven-year war, and the country where a third coffee species, stenophylla, was farmed in the nineteenth century, lost, and found again in the wild in 2018. This entry covers what is grown and where, the harvest and drying, the two conflicting accounts of how large the crop once was, and exactly what the research on stenophylla does and does not show.

Coffee is grown commercially in two parts of the United States, both islands: Hawaii and Puerto Rico. This entry covers how each is counted and why the figures cannot simply be added, what a regional name such as Kona is allowed to mean on a label, the two pests that reached Hawaii in 2010 and 2020, and what Hurricane Maria did to Puerto Rico's farms, with dated figures and their sources.